Electronic Democracy: If we have a pure electronic democracy with time locks of varying degrees, I think the key to moderation via time is basically allowing funds for established programs to raise or lower by up to 20% per year. This also encourages stability in budgets and helps popular programs get more funds.
And yes, exceeding income should, with all emergencies require a 2/3rd majority. If a war, disaster etc, can't get 2/3rd of a legislature, you probably don't need to be doing it. Whereas, as California has shown us, creating a budget only works if it is ONLY 51%. Anything else lets too much crazy in.
Tax rate adjustments up could be 60% but personally I like 55%...just past the whim of the mob, just short of allowing the crazy segment in most populations to totally block everything...
Legislatures: So...this might be read much later without all the historical context of what is going on right now in Congress. However, the brokenness of the American system is likely a legend that will live on a very very long time.
A bicameral legislature does stop some stupid stuff. But at the same time, in an emergency, when you NEED the budget to work, then having the government shut down is just plain stupid. In a parliament, you just hold new elections. England has two houses, but one holds the power of the purse. If you MUST have a legislature, have regulatory laws require both houses, but leave fiscal matters to just one.
For example, if for some entirely unknown reason you must retain something similar to our existing system, let the house control ONLY the purse. Crazy right, given the nuts running it? But if you make the other house simple veto only, it puts the responsibility clearly on one, and means if you can't come up with a budget, you just use the last one you had. Allowing any system to allow government to HALT just because you have opposing parties is just crazy.
Yes, that means the crazy can destroy a lot. That's why you don't elect them or vote them out.
Better yet....just don't have a legislature.
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